REKNOW GmbH & Co. KG

Overview of visibility field standards

Below you can see all standards integrated in EMM-Check® with short descriptions of their validity and application.

ISO 5006
StVZO §35b Para.2, Directive 1
StVZO §35b Para.2, Directive 11
ISO 14401
HSE-Document
2008/2/EG
MINISTERIAL DECREE JUNE 14, 1985

ISO 5006:2017
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery

Evaluation of visible areas on a 12m radius test cricle:

Calculation of the number and size of maskings on the test circle for each sector
Allowed number and size of maskings dependant from vehicle type and operating mass

Evaluation of visible area within the close area around the vehicle (Rectanguar Boundary, RB):

Calculation of the maximum intersection line of maskings and RB at a vehicle dependent height
If criteria are not fulfilled, evaluation if the visible area between the top edge of the RB an the floor


Maskings according to ISO 5006:2017	Maskings according to ISO 5006:2017 Top view	Overview of maskings in report

StVZO §35b, Para. 2, Directive 1
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Motor vehicles (cars, trucks, busses

Evaluation of maskings in on a semi-circle to the front
Evaluation of maskings depending from distance of geometry from eye point and width of geometry.

Test according to StVZO §35b Paragraph 2 Directive 1 in EMM-Check®

StVZO §35b, Para. 2, Directive 11
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery, Agricultural Machinery, Fork Lift Trucks

Evaluation of maskings in on a semi-circle to the front
Standard check and speed dependant additional checks including check of maximum length of the vehicle to the front (if needed)


Maskings according to StvZO §35b Para.2 Directive 11	Test criteria	Extract from report

ISO 14401:2004 / ISO 14401:2009
Visibility check: indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery

Evaluation of mirror and/or camera visibility fields
Dependant from vehicle type and operating mass
Behind the vehicle on near back plane and on 30m view line (ISO 14401:2004 and ISO 14401:2009)
On a plane in front of the right front wheel or crawler chain (only ISO 14401:2004)


Test environment ISO 14401:2009	Analysis results	Analysis results (Close up)

HSE-Dokument (Health and Safety Executive, UK)
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery

HSE = Health And Safety Executive, responsible for the encouragement, regulation and enforcement of workplace health, safety and welfare
The HSE propagates a "visibility map" documenting the visible areas and blind spots around a vehicle
The "visibility map" has to be created through moving a test body around a vehicle and check it's visibility at any position
It shall be provided by manufacturers as part of the operating manual and can be taken into account within a risk assessment


Maskings according to HSE	Settings of test body	Extract from report

2008/2/EG
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle type: Wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors

Chapter 2.1:
The field of view is considered adequate if the operator can see, as far as possible, part of each front wheel and if the following requirements are met.
Chapter 2.2.1.2:
Maskings must not be greater than 700mm.
Chapter 2.2.1.3:
Maskings by adjacent components with a width of more than 80 mm must be arranged in such a way that there is a distance of at least 2200 mm - measured as a chord on the semicircle of vision - between the centers of two of these coverings.
Chapter 2.2.1.4:
There must be no more than six maskings in the semi-circle of vision to the front and no more than two within the wedge of vision to the front (sector A) defined in chapter 1.5.
Chapter 2.2.1.5:
However, outside the forward viewing sector (sector A), maskings of more than 700mm but not more than 1500mm are permitted if the components causing them cannot be reshaped or relocated. On each side there may be a total of either two such maskings, one of which does not exceed 700mm and the other 1500mm, or two such maskings, neither of which exceeds 1200mm.
Chapter 2.5.1:
Tractors with windscreens must be equipped with motor-driven windscreen wipers and the area swept by these wipers must ensure an unobstructed view to the front corresponding to a chord of the semicircle of vision to the front of at least 8 m in length within the viewing wedge (sector A).


Analysis according to 2008/2/EC	Analysis results according to 2008/2/EC	Extract from the 2008/2/EC analysis report

MINISTERIAL DECREE JUNE 14, 1985
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle type: Self-propelled machines

Chapter 1.3.2.2.8., Paragraph.1: Field of vision upwards on a plane inclined by 8° in accordance with 1.3.1.5.1.
Chapter 1.3.2.2.8., Paragraph.2: Field of vision downwards on the test circle according to 1.3.1.5.2.
Chapter 2.2.: The front end measurement for "machines that do not exceed the limits of Articles 52 and 33 of the consolidated law as amended by law no. 38/82"


Analysis according to MINISTERIAL DECREE 14 JUNE 1985	Analysis results according to MINISTERIAL DECREE 14 JUNE 1985	Extract from the analysis report of the MINISTERIAL DECREE 14 JUNE 1985

DIN EN 15830
ISO 18063-1
ISO 18063-2
ECE R71
ECE R46
ECE R125
ISO 5721-1
ISO 5721-2

DIN EN 15830:2012
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery, Fork Lift Truck

Evaluation of the maskings on a test cricle and the rectangular boundary (comparable with ISO 5006:2017)
In addition vertical maskings on cylindrical surfaces in sector A and C will be evaluated
Evaluation of the visibility of the fork tips (or load platform)
Test profiles for vehicles without load, with load on forks, with attached load and when putting a load on a truck (loading edge)


Cylindrical surfaces in sectors A and C	Results of DIN EN 15830	Selection of a test load

ISO 18063-1
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery, Fork Lift Truck

Evaluation of the masking on a test cricle and the rectangular boundary (comparable with ISO 5006:2006)
In addition vertical maskings on cylindrical surfaces in all sectors will be evaluated
Test profiles for compact trucks and other trucks

ISO 18063-2
Sichtprüfung: direct, indirect
Fahrzeugtypen: Earth Moving Machinery, Fork Lift Truck

Evaluation of the masking on a test cricle and the rectangular boundary (comparable with ISO 5006:2006)
Analysis of the driver's view in respect to the boom position
Analysis of the visibility of the forks
The following tests are implemented:
- Chapter 6.3.2: Test simulating manoeuvring
  Rectangular Boundary visibility test with load and boom lowered.
- Chapter 6.3.3: Test simulating travel
  Checking the view in sector A on the test circle.
- Chapter 6.3.4: Test simulating pick-and-place
  Checking the view of the Rectangular Boundary without load at boom positions from 45° to 0°. A "Control" must be created to control the boom.
- Chapter 7.4: Fork arm visibility
  Checking the view of the forks with displacement of the light source in the direction of the load.

Testing according to ISO 18063-2, chapter 6.3.4 in EMM-Check®

ECE R71
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Agricultural Machinery

Evaluation of maskings on the semi-circle to the front
Standard check
partially comparable with StVZO §35b Abs.2, Richtlinie 11 and ISO 5721-1

ECE R46
Visibility check: indirect
Vehicle types: Earth Moving Machinery, Agricultural Machinery, Fork Lift Trucks, Cars, Trucks, Busses

european directive for evaluation of the indirect view through mirrors and cameras for cars, busses and trucks
the StVZO references the ECE R46


Test environment of ECE R46	Positioning of a front mirror	Results of ECE R46

ECE R125
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Cars, Trucks, Busses

Regulation No 125 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the forward field of vision of the motor vehicle driver


Test environment of ECE R125	Analysis results of ECE R125	Visibility of test body according to ECE R125

ISO 5721 Part 1
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Agricultural Machinery

Evaluation of maskings on the semi-circle to the front
Standard check and speed dependant additional checks including check of maximum length of the vehicle to the front (if needed)
partially comparable with StVZO §35b Abs.2, Richtlinie 11


Masking and wiper area according to ISO 5721-1	Components wider than 80mm	Results of an analysis

ISO 5721 Part 2
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Agricultural Machinery

Evaluation of the visible areas at 1m height left and right beside and behind the vehicle
If direct view is not sufficient, evaluation of mirror and camera visibility fields
Standard test, no additional checks
optional check according to EEC 2015/208 (indirect view to the rear)


Analysis results ISO 5721-1 / 2	Analysis results	Extract of report

ISO 13564
DIN EN 16307
DIN EN 16842
ANSI/ITSDF B56.11.6-2013
ANSI/ITSDF B56.11.6-2019

ISO 13564-1
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Fork Lift Trucks

Evaluation of the visible areas on a test screen in front of the vehicle and on a test body moved along defined tracks around the vehicle
Test for driving and manouvering incl. mast tilt
Evaluation of the view on the fork tips or load platform
Test profiles for vehicles with seated driver or standing driver


Test environment of ISO 13564	Results according to ISO 13564	View on the fork tips

DIN EN 16307-1:2013
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Fork Lift Trucks

Evaluation of the visible areas on a test screen in front of the vehicle and on a test body moved along defined tracks around the vehicle
Test for driving and manouvering incl. mast tilt
Evaluation of the view on the fork tips or load platform
Test profiles for vehicles with seated driver or standing driver


Data pre-check DIN EN 16307	Test tracks	Evaluation of Test 4

DIN EN 16842
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Fork Lift Trucks

Available parts:

Part 1: General Requirements
Part 2: Sit-on counterbalance trucks and rough terrain masted trucks up to and including 10.000 kg capacity
Part 3: Reach trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity
Part 6: Sit-on counterbalance trucks and rough terrain masted trucks greater than 10 000 kg capacity
Part 8: Stand-on counterbalance trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity
Part 9: Orderpicking, lateral and frontstacking trucks with elevating operator position
Part 10: Towing and Pushing tractors and Burden carrier

Evaluation of the visible areas on a test screen in front of the vehicle and on a test body moved along defined tracks around the vehicle
Evaluation of the front, the sides and the top surface of the test body
Test for driving and manouvering incl. mast tilt (depends on vehicle type)
Evaluation of the view on the fork tips or load platform (depends on vehicle type)


Test environment of DIN EN 16842-1/2	Evaluation of the results from test 4	Results from test 4 in report

ANSI/ITSDF B56.11.6-2013
Visibility check: direct
Vehicle types: Fork Lift Trucks

Evaluation of the visible areas on a test screen in front of the vehicle and on a test body moved along defined tracks around the vehicle
Evaluation up to 900mm above the SIP
Test for driving and manouvering incl. mast tilt
Test profiles for vehicles with seated driver or standing driver


Double row filament	Test environment with results	Extract from report Test tracks and projection screen

ANSI/ITSDF B56.11.6-2019
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle types: Fork Lift Trucks

Evaluation of the visible areas on a test screen in front of the vehicle and on a test body moved along defined tracks around the vehicle
Test for driving and manouvering incl. mast tilt
Evaluation of the view on the fork tips or load platform
Test profiles for vehicles with seated driver or standing driver


Analysis according to ANSI/ITSDF B56.11.6-2019	Resultsdialog	Details Test 4

ISO 12509
DIN EN 16186-5
ISO 16121-2

ISO 12509 (BETA)
Test: Lighting, signalling and marking lights
Vehicle types: Earth moving machinery

This standard defines the requirements for performance and positioning of lighting equipment on earthmoving machines. From the tests E1 to E16 described in Annex E, the following tests are supported in EMM-Check®:

E.1 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the dipped/lower beam headlamps.
E.2 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the main/upper beam headlamps.
E.3 - Evaluation of the areas in front of and behind the vehicle illuminated by working lights.
E.4 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the reversing lamps.
E.5 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the direction-indicator lamps according to profiles A - D.
E.7 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the stop lamps.
E.9 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the front positioning lamps.
E.10 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the rear positioning lamps.
E.11 - Evaluation of mounting positions and beam angles of the rear fog lamps.
E.12 - Evaluation of the area around the vehicle illuminated by special warning lamps


Analysis according to ISO 12509	Light beam distribution of a lamp	Area illuminated by a special warning lamp

DIN EN 16186-5
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle type: Street cars

This standard defines the external visibility of tram vehicles. The following tests are supported in EMM-Check®:

Chapter 5.1: Distance between eye point and windshield
Chapter 5.2.2: Minimum viewing angle
Chapter 5.2.3: Visibility of external signals and vertical angle of view upwards
Chapter 5.2.4: View to the front on the test object
Chapter 5.2.5: View to the front; minimum opening angle
Chapter 5.3.2: Wiped area of the windshield
Chapter 5: Rear view


Testing according to DIN EN 16185-5 in EMM-Check®	Visibility of the test body in front of the vehicle	Visibility of the signals

ISO 16121-2
Visibility check: direct, indirect
Vehicle type: Public service buses

The standard checks the ergonomic requirements for the driver's workplace in public service buses. The following tests are supported in EMM-Check®:

Chapter 4.1: Forward blind spot
Chapter 4.2: Lateral visibility
Chapter 4.3: View upwards
Chapter 4.4: View to passenger compartment


AAnalysis results according to ISO 16121-2	Analysis results according to ISO 16121-2; visibility to the passenger compartment	Extract from the analysis report of ISO 16121-2; results of test 4.3